List of Indo-European languages

Indo-European topics
Indo-European languages (list)
Albanian · Armenian · Baltic Celtic · Germanic · Greek Indo-Iranian (Indo-Aryan, Iranian) Italic · Slavic extinct: Anatolian · Paleo-Balkan (Dacian, Phrygian, Thracian) · Tocharian
Proto-Indo-European language
Vocabulary · Phonology · Sound laws · Ablaut · Root · Noun · Verb
Indo-European language-speaking peoples
Europe: Balts · Slavs · Albanians · Italics · Celts · Germanic peoples · Greeks · Paleo-Balkans (Illyrians · Thracians · Dacians) · Asia: Anatolians (Hittites, Luwians) · Armenians · Indo-Iranians (Iranians · Indo-Aryans) · Tocharians
Proto-Indo-Europeans
Homeland · Society · Religion
Indo-European archaeology
Abashevo culture · Afanasevo culture · Andronovo culture · Baden culture · Beaker culture · Catacomb culture · Cernavodă culture · Chasséen culture · Chernoles culture · Corded Ware culture · Cucuteni-Trypillian culture · Dnieper-Donets culture · Gumelniţa-Karanovo culture · Gushi culture · Karasuk culture · Kemi Oba culture · Khvalynsk culture · Kura-Araxes culture · Lusatian culture · Kurgan · Koban · Kura-Araxes · Shulaveri-Shomu · Colchian · Trialeti · Maykop culture · Leyla-Tepe culture · Jar-Burial · Khojaly-Gadabay · Middle Dnieper culture · Narva culture · Novotitorovka culture · Poltavka culture · Potapovka culture · Samara culture · Seroglazovo culture · Sredny Stog culture · Srubna culture · Terramare culture · Usatovo culture · Vučedol culture · Yamna culture
Indo-European studies

The Indo-European languages include some 443 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily. Each subfamily in this list contains many subgroups and individual languages.

Contents

1 Albanian language
2 Anatolian languages
3 Armenian language
4 Baltic languages
5 Celtic languages
6 Germanic languages
7 Greek languages
8 Indo-Iranian languages
9 Italic languages
10 Slavic languages
11 Tocharian languages
12 Indo-European languages whose relationship to other languages in the family is unclear
13 References
14 External links

Albanian language

Gheg
Tosk
- Arbëresh
- Arvanitic

Anatolian languages

Armenian language

Baltic languages

extinct languages:

Celtic languages

Continental Celtic (all extinct; a paraphyletic grouping)
- Gaulish
- Lepontic
- Galatian
- Celtiberian
- Tartessian^[1]^[2]
Insular Celtic
- Goidelic
  - Irish
  - Scottish Gaelic
  - Manx
  - Shelta (cant)
- Brythonic
  - Welsh
  - Breton
  - Cornish
  - Cumbric
  - Ivernic (hypothetical)
  - Pictish (disputed – possibly a pre-Indo-European remnant language)

Germanic languages

Greek languages

East Greek
- Mycenaean Greek
West Greek
- Doric Greek
  - Tsakonian Greek
- Northwestern Greek

Indo-Iranian languages

Indo-Aryan languages
- Central Indo-Aryan languages
- East Central Indo-Aryan languages
- Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
  - Bengali-Assamese languages
    - Assamese (Ôxômiya)
    - Bengali (Bangla)
    - Bishnupriya Manipuri (Imar Thar)
    - Chakma
    - Chittagonian
    - Hajong
    - Halbi
    - Kharia Thar
    - Kayort
    - Mal Paharia
    - Mirgan
    - Nahari
    - Rajbangsi
    - Sylheti (Silôţi)
    - Tangchangya
  - Bihari languages
    - Angika
    - Bhojpuri
    - Caribbean Hindustani
    - Kudmali
    - Magadhi
    - Maithili
    - Majhi
    - Musasa
    - Oraon Sadri
    - Panchpargania
    - Sadri
    - Surajpuri
  - Oriya languages
    - Adivasi Oriya
    - Bhatri
    - Bhunjia
    - Bodo Parja
    - Kupia
    - Oriya (Oŗia)
    - Relli language (Reli)
- Northern Indo-Aryan languages
  - including Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu and Hindi-Urdu
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages
  - Dardic languages (The relation of this subgroup to other Indo Aryan languages is unclear.)
    - Chitral languages
      - Kalasha-mun language
      - Khowar language
    - Kashmiri language
    - Kohistani languages
      - Bateri language
      - Chilisso language
      - Gowro language
      - Indus Kohistani language
      - Kalami language
      - Kalkoti language
      - Tirahi language
      - Torwali language
      - Wotapuri-Katarqalai language
    - Kunar languages
      - Pashayi languages
        
        Northeast Pashayi language
        
        Northwest Pashayi language
        
        Southeast Pashayi language
        
        Southwest Pashayi language
      - Dameli language
      - Gawar-Bati language
      - Grangali language
      - Shumashti language
    - Shina languages
      - Brokstat language
      - Domaaki language
      - Kohistani Shina language
      - Phalura language
      - Savi language
      - Shina language
      - Ushojo language
    - Lahnda Saraiki languages
    - Jakati language
    - Khetrani language
    - Mirpur Panjabi language
    - Northern Hindko language
    - Saraiki language
    - Southern Hindko language
    - Western Panjabi language
  - Gujarati languages
    - Gujarati
    - Kachchi language
  - Sindhi languages
    - Jadgali language
    - Lasi language
    - Sindhi language
    - Sindhi Bhil language
- Nuristani languages
- Sanskrit language
- Sinhalese-Maldivian languages
- Southern Indo-Aryan languages
  - Konkani languages
    - Goan Konkani language
    - Katkari language
    - Konkani language
    - Kukna language
    - Phudagi language
    - Samvedi language
    - Varli language
  - Marathi language
- Unclassified
  - Are language
  - Bhalay language
  - Deccan language
  - Gowlan language
  - Romani language
  - Varhadi-Nagpuri language
  - Savji language
Iranian languages
- Eastern Iranian languages
  - Northeastern Iranian languages
  - Southeastern Iranian languages
- Western Iranian languages
  - Northwestern Iranian languages
  - Southwestern Iranian languages

Italic languages

Sabellic
- Oscan
  - Volscian
- Umbrian
Latino-Faliscan
Venetic language (either Italic or closely related to Italic)

Slavic languages

Proto-Slavic language
- East Slavic languages
  - Belarusian
  - Russian
  - Rusyn
  - Ukrainian
- South Slavic languages
  - Old Church Slavonic
  - Bosnian
  - Bulgarian
  - Croatian
  - Macedonian
  - Montenegrin
  - Serbian
  - Slovene
- West Slavic languages
  - Czech
  - Kashubian (Pomeranian)
  - Polish
    - Silesian (disputed)
  - Slovak
  - Lower Sorbian
  - Upper Sorbian
  - Polabian (extinct)
  - Knaanic (extinct)

Tocharian languages

Tocharian A (Turfanian or East Tocharian)
Tocharian B (Kuchean or West Tocharian)

Indo-European languages whose relationship to other languages in the family is unclear

Cimmerian language, possibly related to Thracian or Iranian
Ligurian language, possibly related to Italic or Celtic
Lomavren language
Ancient Macedonian language
Dacian language
Thracian language
Illyrian language
Messapian language
Paionian language
Phrygian language

References

^ Koch, John T (2010). Celtic from the West Chapter 9: Paradigm Shift? Interpreting Tartessian as Celtic. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp. 187–295. ISBN 978-1-84217-410-4.
^ Koch, John T (2011). Tartessian 2: The Inscription of Mesas do Castelinho ro and the Verbal Complex. Preliminaries to Historical Phonology. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp. 1–198. ISBN 978-1-907029-07-3. http://www.oxbowbooks.com/bookinfo.cfm/ID/91450//Location/Oxbow.

External links

Indo-European language tree
Indo-European languages family tree graphic
Indo-European, Slavic, South;[1]